Debodipta Das et al 25 found that the ECM-receptor pathway was significantly enriched in HNSCC patients, and the expression of some key genes (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL4A6, and LAMC2) in this pathway may be used as prognostic biomarkers for HNSCC. Here, COL4A1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.