HDAC9 and Stroke: Interestingly, HDAC9 is up-regulated during stroke where it participates in increasing the final infarct volume size by: (1) suppressing autophagy 12, (2) activating IκBα/NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathway 11 and (3) reducing miR-20a expression with a consequent up-regulation of its target gene Neurod1 10.