Hyperglycemia causes islet cells to release insulin into the bloodstream, which activates insulin signaling on the surface of cell membranes in target organs such as the liver, muscle, and fat, and induces the translocation of the insulin-dependent Glut4 protein from the cell to the cell surface, facilitating glucose uptake by target cells (7) (Figure 2). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.