Multiple drugs or interfering peptides, including NA-1 (also known as Tat-NR2BC9; Aarts et al., 2002), Tat-N-dimer (Bach et al., 2012), and ZL006 (Zhou et al., 2010), were designed to disrupt the formation of this protein complex during neuronal injury, and these therapeutics achieved neuroprotection in rodent models of ischemic stroke (Zhou et al., 2010; Bach et al., 2012), traumatic brain injury (Qu et al., 2020), and epilepsy (Colciaghi et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene TAT and brain injury.