CTCF and cancer: Furthermore, several in vitro and in silico studies have also shown that specific cancer-associated mutations within CTCF, results in variable changes to cell growth, partial or complete loss of DNA binding in a site-specific manner, a reduction in chromatin residence time, loss of chromatin structure and aberrant transcription (Filippova et al., 2002; Bailey et al., 2021; Soochit et al., 2021).