CSF1 and neoplasm: Blocking PD‐1/PD‐L1 in vivo can increase phagocytosis of macrophages, which will decelerate tumor growth and prolong the survival time of the mouse tumor model.[62] In addition to common cytokines such as IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13, CSF‐1, and TGF‐β, fungal and helminth infections also drive the process of M2‐like TAMs polarization.[18]Schistosoma infection is closely related to HCC, CRC, and bladder cancer.