DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: It is now well established that muscle fibers from human DMD patients as well as dystrophin-deficient mdx mice show significantly elevated numbers of Pax7+ satellite cells (Kottlors and Kirschner, 2010; Bankole et al., 2013; Dumont et al., 2015b; Ribeiro et al., 2019) (Figure 2).