TNF and fatty liver disease: Administration of EPS derived from LGG promoted microbial homeostasis, activates HIF1α in the intestine which increases expression of antimicrobial peptides and has decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver while EPS derived from BL23 induced liver inflammation with an increase in ALT, AST levels in the serum, increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and gut microbial dysbiosis. EPS from both strains reduced hepatic steatosis in zebrafish on high fat diet and increased levels of intestinal acetate and propionate compared with high fat diet.