Our lookup of the significant CpGs identified for DKD, eGFR, fibrosis, and albuminuria to date (Figure 2; 160 CpGs as listed in Supplementary Table 1) in the EWAS catalogue (associations with p-value < 9 × 10−8; http://www.ewascatalog.org , accessed 31 January, 2023) found an overlap with DKD risk factors including dyslipidemia (CpGs within SLC1A5, TXNIP, and CPT1A), HbA1c (TXNIP), blood pressure (CpGs within SLC1A5, TXNIP, CPT1A, and PTBP3) and obesity (CpGs within SLC1A5, TXNIP, CPT1A, and FKBP5; Supplementary Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CPT1A and metabolic syndrome.