But at least two case-control studies have explored the relationship between CST3 polymorphism and APOE-ε4 allele in Alzheimer’s patients of European ancestry, (Finckh et al., 2000; Beyer et al., 2001) one concluding a synergistic association between APOE-ε4 allele and CST3 polymorphism on dementia risk (Beyer et al., 2001). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is dementia.