COL4A3 and hematuria, benign familial, 1: Numerous studies have confirmed that mutations in different subtypes of Col4A3, A4, and A5 can lead to Col4-associated glomerulopathy (Bárbara Tazón Vega, 2003), including Alport syndrome (AS) (Korstanje et al., 2014; Guo et al., 2017; Du et al., 2022), thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBMN) (Xu et al., 2016; Hirabayashi et al., 2022), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (Xie et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2016; Fan et al., 2020).