In the context of type 1 diabetes (T1D), probiotic supplementation leads to a decreased risk of islet β-cell autoimmunity [88–90], and it has been associated with a better glycemic control, increased synthesis of GLP-1 (beneficial insulinotropic gut hormone), and reduced TLR4 signaling (an inflammatory signaling) [91–93] in both adults and children [94]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.