More recently, in a cohort of 155 men with azoospermia, Benderradji et al. (2021) demonstrated that AMH can be used as a marker for spermatogenesis in this sub-set of patients with azoospermia; however, the cohort of patients included men with azoospermia (both obstructive and non-obstructive) as well as factors associated with male infertility itself (e.g. cryptorchidism, genetic and karyotype alterations, such as Klinefelter syndrome), which could have biased their analyses. The gene discussed is AMH; the disease is Klinefelter syndrome.