Studies have confirmed that stimulation of periodontitis-derived virulence factors upregulates the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in hepatocytes,80 which is a key transcription factor that regulates β-cell dedifferentiation.81 However, there is no direct evidence to prove that periodontitis-derived virulence factors can regulate β-cell dedifferentiation via FOXO1 by the same mechanism. Here, FOXO1 is linked to periodontitis.