VDR and infection: However, Shabandoust et al. demonstrated no significant relationship between the serum level of vitamin D and the number of lesions in CL [26], and a murine model demonstrated that mice lacking the vitamin D receptor (VDRKO) on a genetically resistant background developed fewer Leishmania major-induced lesions and had fewer parasites at the site of infection during the peak of infection, but these findings may not be applied to humans due to different genetic background [35–38].