To explore the meningeal EC response to infection, we first parsed the EC UMAP into clusters derived from leptomeninges, dura, and arterial ECs based on the following markers: BBB markers Cldn5, Lef1, Slc2a1, and Slc7a1 for leptomeningeal ECs vs. non-BBB marker Plvap for dural ECs; and arterial markers Bmx and Fbln5 (Figure 4A and C; Supplementary files 2 and 6). Here, LEF1 is linked to infection.