The counterbalance mechanism between enhanced immunity by high TIL infiltration and aggressive cancer biology may have played a role in the no survival impact by intratumoral TILs in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, similar to the mechanism we have previously reported in different settings.44 In addition to lymphocytes, which are key players in the tumor microenvironment, other immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, may also affect the immune microenvironment. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is cancer.