PTK2B and cancer: Suppression of Ras-induced apoptosis and activation of p21-activated protein kinase1 (PAK1), AKT (protein kinase B), ERK (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and NFκB (nuclear factor kappa B) signalling network has been reported as an effect of Rac activity, leading to cancer progression and metastatic dispersal (Mack et al. 2011).