Furthermore, SMURF1 depleted tumor showed downregulation of NRF2 expression, and upregulation of KEAP1 expression compared to the control tumor xenografts, suggesting that SMURF1-induced KEAP1-NRF2 pathway plays a vital role in glioblastoma growth (Fig. 6L, O, P). Here, SMURF1 is linked to glioblastoma.