However, several studies suggest rapid progression to AML and a need for intensive AML-type therapy in MDS with NPM1 mutations, raising the question of whether NPM1-mutated MDS should be classified as AML.50 Since MDS with excess blasts and AML are a continuum and NPM1-mutated MDS tends to rapidly progress to AML, we considered our patient to have MDS/AML and used an AML-type approach to achieve a deep remission before HSCT. This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.