We find that the strongest risk factor inherited from Neandertals is associated with altered splicing of EPDR1 transcripts in 3 tissues relevant for Dupuytren's disease; muscle (P = 1.7 × 10−23), adipose tissue (P = 1.1 × 10−11), and cultured fibroblasts (P = 5.9 × 10−8; fig. This evidence concerns the gene EPDR1 and Dupuytren Contracture.