KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes of 16-HBE cells treated with D. farinae exosomes were significantly enriched in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, TNF signaling, legionellosis and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways (Fig. 7D). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and legionellosis.