These loci include BT0523 to BT0524 coding for a sugar transferase with its cognate response regulator BT0532 encoding a anthranilate synthase component I family protein, BT0995 encoding a PAS domain-containing sensor histidine kinase, locus BT1042 to BT1045 encoding a SusD/RagB transporter system, BT1597 encoding a HAMP domain-containing histidine kinase (followed by a second component of the system and a gene coding for a cation efflux pump, BEX), and BT1895 to BT1896 encoding an outer membrane leucine-rich receptor system that is highly upregulated in colitis (Table 7). Here, HAMP is linked to colitis.