TGF-b promotes early differentiation and matrix production while inhibiting late differentiation and matrix mineralization, and serum BAIBA levels were correlated with TGF-β expression in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy when BAIBA was used in an intervention (46); this suggested that BAIBA might regulate bone metabolism via osteoprogenitor cells. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.