PARP9 and neoplasm: In the treatment group, M1-like macrophage markers, such as Il12a, Cd38, and Parp9, were upregulated, whereas genetic features associated with M2-like macrophages, such as Il10, Cd36, B4galnt1, Dgkz, and Gab1, were downregulated; moreover, the combination treatment promoted tumor-specific T cell activation and tumor vascular normalization to induce tumor cell death (123).