CSF1R and central nervous system cancer: To enhance the efficacy of PD-1 mAbs, researchers have combined PD-1 mAbs with BLZ945, a CSF1R inhibitor, in a humanized ex vivo model using patient-derived cells; this has resulted in the reduction in the number of CD163+ TAMs, enhancement of CD8+ T cell function, and induction of apoptosis of glioma cells (111).