We and others, have previously demonstrated that elevation of soluble receptor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-1 (sTNFR1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and increased expression of CD45RO and CD57 on CD4+ T cells, are associated with increased incidence of DM among PWH (16, 22, 23). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.