S100B and Sepsis: Compared to the “non-sepsis” group, “sepsis” patients presented a significant increase in the S100β protein concentrations at day 1 (0.94 μg/L versus 0.52 μg/L, p = 0.03), and more frequent EEG alterations (i.e., severe slowing, discontinuous background, and a lower prevalence of sleep patterns).