Higher expression of MAS-1 (MAS-1high) likely tracked IFhigh, as this signature comprised IF-related genes (e.g., C5AR1, MYD88) and higher baseline expression of MAS-1 associated with higherall-cause mortality hazards during acute COVID-19 as well as in the FHS (Fig. 2c, d). Here, C5AR1 is linked to COVID-19.