Previous studies had suggested that increased CSF concentrations of CXCL13 and sCD27 were associated with an increased risk of converting from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to MS.10,20 Because most of these patients were untreated, it would be expected that increased levels in these 2 biomarkers of inflammation increase the risk for future inflammatory events. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and myeloid sarcoma.