NFKB1 and osteonecrosis: In the osteonecrosis model, the antioxidant properties of proanthocyanidins in GSE take place by controlling the radicals like SOD,51GSH,51MDA,51and pro-apoptosis proteins like caspase 3,51caspase 9,52and Bcl2.52It has been researched that proanthocyanidins can inhibit mitochondrial stress and prevent the apoptosis process by inhibiting the intrinsic apoptosis pathways.72In the orthodontic field, the force applied will activate the hypoxia, produce ROS, and activate the NF-kB,71which may increase alveolar bone resorption for tooth movement.