65). Correspondingly, chemokine receptors CXCR1-7 are highly expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Ref. 66), CCR3 is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma (Ref. 67), CCR5 + contributes to the pathogenesis of CKD (Ref. 68), and children with CKD have increased expression of CCR7 and other chemokine receptors (Ref. 69). Furthermore, CCR9 + is associated with food allergens (Ref. 70), which may include reactions to exposure to excessive dietary phosphate. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR1 and chronic kidney disease.