As shown in Fig. 9C–E, tumor inhibition by anti–PD-1 treatment was approximately 20% in M-WT mice and approximately 50% in M-KO mice, while tumor growth in M-WT and M-KO mice did not show any difference after anti-PD-1 treatment, suggesting that the antitumor effect of ICIs is redundant with the effect of CD146+ macrophages. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.