TNF and neoplasm: In addition, the M1-like markers iNos, Tnfa, Il1b, and Il6 were upregulated with short-term stimulation but downregulated by long-term stimulation; the levels of the M2-like markers Arg1, Ym1, Il10, and Mgl1 were highest after a prolonged stimulation period (Fig. S1D–E), suggesting the switch from a proinflammatory phenotype to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in these macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.