LARS2 and bipolar disorder: The mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase (Lars2), implicated in mitochondrial protein synthesis, lactate utilization (Capriglia et al., 2021), episodic memory in aging (Ramanan et al., 2015), bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (Munakata et al., 2005), was selectively downregulated in multiple neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, including L5 IT, Meis2, VIP, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and OPC, in 3xTg-AD mice exposed to alcohol versus WT controls but not in 3xTg-AD mice and WT mice exposed to alcohol versus WT controls (Fig. 4A, Extended Data Fig. 4-1).