The distributions of B cells, T cells, epithelial cells, mast cells, myeloid cells, fibroblast cells, and endothelial cells in 4 ESCC patients are shown in Fig. 1A and B. High expression of TPSAB1, RAMP2, COL3A1, CD79A, CD3D, CD8A, C1QB, and LYZ mostly contributed to different clustering of 7 cell populations (Fig. 1C). Here, TPSAB1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.