Meanwhile, PD-L1, a 40 kDa transmembrane protein encoded by CD274 gene, is induced to be expressed in T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, and its expression is rapidly upregulated in tumor tissues in response to interferon and other inflammatory factors (Taube et al. 2012; Keir et al. 2020; Bardhan et al. 2016). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.