The CTG database (https://clinicaltrials.gov) currently has 27 clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in combination with ICIs related to UC actively underway, 37% of which focus on prostate cancer, 33.3% on solid tumors of unspecified classification (including UC), 22.2% on uroepithelial cancer, and 7.5% on renal cancer (Figure 2). Here, PARP1 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.