VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecularly targeted drugs reduce VEGF-mediated immunosuppression in tumors and their microenvironment and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 by reversing VEGF-mediated immunosuppression and promoting intra-tumor T-cell infiltration, thereby enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (41, 42), Molecularly targeted drugs combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors have additive or synergistic antitumor effects, and therefore targeted combination with immunization may be an effective treatment in unresectable HCC (43, 44).