Although the contribution of α-Syn pathology to LRRK2-associated PD is debated (Schneider and Alcalay, 2017) and the relevance of LRRK2-mediated α-Syn phosphorylation in PD is still to be determined, several studies reported that LRRK2 co-localizes with α-Syn in the lower brainstem of PD and LBD patients at early stages (Alegre-Abarrategui et al., 2008; Qing et al., 2009b; Zimprich et al., 2011). The gene discussed is LRRK2; the disease is Parkinson disease.