TNF and neoplasm: Increased cardiac TNF-α level was detected in tumor-bearing mice receiving anti-PD1 therapy, and TNF-α blockade improved the ejection fraction by enhancing the expression of lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3), thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy (Michel et al., 2022).