To sum up, a preliminary conclusion can be obtained in this research that M2 macrophages may carry miR-342-3p through EVs to target NEDD4L in RCC cells, inhibit the ubiquitination degradation of CEP55 and activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting the growth and metastasis of RCC (Fig. 9). The gene discussed is NEDD4L; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.