Therefore, the following biochemical, molecular, and genetic biomarkers have been considered for diagnosis, management, and assessment of therapeutic effects of POAG: MDA, TAC, NO, IL-6, ET-1, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA, SLC25A2 gene, GPX4 gene and the miRNAs hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-152-3p, hsa-miR-30e-5p, and hsa-miR-151a-3p. Here, GPX4 is linked to open-angle glaucoma.