Notably, recent studies have highlighted the significant impact of immunity on T2D incidence, progression, and risk (6), particularly in patients with SIRD and MOD, as evidenced by increased levels of inflammatory markers in their circulation, such as interleukin-6, caspase-8, and S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (EN-RAGE), as well as an increase in WBC count, monocyte count, and CD4+ T cell count (10). Here, S100A12 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.