Furthermore, an in vivo subcutaneous tumor formation assay was employed and showed that RNF43 knockdown enhanced the growth and volume of ccRCC xenografts, while decreasing YAP alleviated the effects of RNF43 knockdown in promoting the tumorigenicity and tumor growth of ccRCC (Figs. 6e and 6f). Here, RNF43 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.