It has been also reported that several factors can affect G0 phase arrest in melanoma cells, including downregulation of melanocytic lineage-specific transcription factor, inactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin/PI3K/AKT signaling, alterations in the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway and inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog [38]. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and melanoma.