(36) conducted preclinical trials in 2019 on GBM, i.e. they investigated in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of a novel lysine virus (NG34scFvPD-1) of HSV-1 against PD-1, which also expresses a single-chain fragment mutable antibody (scFvPD-1). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is glioblastoma.