TNF and neoplasm: Cytokines and inflammatory mediators (interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and catecholamines) are released by activated CAR-T cells and the tumor microenvironment which induces tumor killing and leads to the initiation of a cascade of cytokine release (about 0-5 days post-CAR-T infusion).