Activation of the Toll like receptor2/Nucleotide-Binding Domain, Leucine-Rich–Containing Family, Pyrin Domain–Containing-3/Caspace1/Interleukin-18 axis (TLR2/NLRP3/CASP1/IL-18) axis may promote IL18 mediated Treg upregulation in the early phase of infection. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infection.