For instance, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator that induces IR by converting PIP3 back to PIP2 via dephosphorylation, is often overexpressed in T2DM patients,71 contributing to the termination of PI3K/AKT2 signaling network and the progression of IR.72, 73. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and type 2 diabetes mellitus.