At baseline, relative to the AH nonusers, the AH users were older, tended to be female, had lower income levels, lived more in rural areas, had more insulin use, were less likely to use antidiabetic medication, had more advanced diabetic severity (higher adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index scores), had lower rates of cigarette smoking and alcohol-related diseases, had more indications for antihistamine, and had lower CCI scores (Suppl. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.