PCSK9 and heart failure: Polygenic risk scores are being used to predict patients’ risks of developing cardiovascular diseases84; recent evidence also supports their use for predicting patients’ responses to cardiovascular drugs, such as statins,85–87 beta-blockers,88,89 and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors.90 For example, a polygenic risk score successfully predicted patients’ with heart failure long-term survival benefit from beta-blockers in four different datasets.